Grit chambers are long narrow tanks that are designed to slow down the flow so that solids such as sand, soil, inorganic matter will settle down.
These are the design aspects of Grit chamber, which needs to be satisfied during the design of grit chamber
Cleaning Interval is of grit chamber depends on the the method used to clean the chamber i.e. hand cleaning, hydraulic cleaning, machine cleaning. Also the cleaning period will also be dependent on the local conditions like what kind of waste will be available there?, intensity and frequency of rainfall which will result in silt collection in the chamber.
Generally the cleaning interval of grit chamber must be one or two weeks.
The minimum depth of grit chamber must be 300mm, and the ratio between the depth and length should be 1:16.
It is the average time for which water remains in the Grit chamber before moving on to further treatment. Detention Time of Grit chamber is about 30 to 90seconds but for design purposes it is generally taken as 60seconds.
Grit chambers are designed to settle down the heavy inorganic particles by slowing down the velocity of flow here in order to slow down the velocity the area of chamber is increased. The velocity of flow should not be too high that the particles will not get sufficient time to settle down and if the velocity of flow becomes too slow then suspended organic matter will also settle down.
So to maintain the required velocity in the grit chamber the chambers can be divided into compartments, called proportional weir. Setting velocity by Stocke’s law depending on Reynold’s number can be given as
V = {{ g(ρ_s - ρ)d^2 } \over 18 μ} \\ \\ V= { g \over 18 } * {{(S_s - 1)} \over {γ}} * d \\
Where, Ss = Specific Gravity = (ρs / ρ)
γ = Kinematic Viscosity = (μ/ρ)
When the setting particles are greater than 1mm then nature of setting particles is termed as turbulent and in such case setting velocity can be termed by newton’s equation as
V = \sqrt{ 3.3 \, g \, {{ ρ_s - ρ } \over ρ} \, d}
Generally, when grit particles lie between 0.1mm to 1mm then the zone of settling is called as Transition Zone. And where the settling velocity is given by Hazen’s equation
V = 418 (g-1)d [{{3t + 70} \over 100}]
where d is in between 0.1mm to 1mm.
Also Read : Grit Chamber-Types, Working Principal | In Sewage Treatment Plant
Design a rectangular grit chamber for a flow rate of 20mld. Specific gravity= 2.65 and size to be removed is 0.2mm and above.
here we have to calculate H and L, we have given B then if we calculate Area then we can have H. So for A we have Q = AVh where we have given Q and Vh And to calculate L, we have L = Vh Vs , So we have Vh and need to calculate Vs.
V_s = d(3T + 70)
Here, d = diameter of grit particle= 0.2mm = 0.0002m, T= temperature
Vs = 0.0002(3×20+70)
Vs= 0.026m/sec
We can calculate area of chamber from discharge
Q = AVh
Q = 20mld = 20 x 106 letres/day = 20 x 103 m3/day
Q = 0.23 m3/day
now, from Q we will calculate A
Q = AV_h \\ A= Q/V_h \\ A= (0.23/0.23)=1m^2
As we have calculated the area and we have width of chamber given then we can calculate height
A= B*H \\ we \, have \, B=1.2m \\ then \, H=1/1.2 \\ H= 0.83m
To calculate length we have, L = Vh x Detention Time
So we need calculate detention time first
Detention \, Time = { Depth \over Settling \ velocity} \\ Detention \, Time = {0.83\over 0.026 } = 32sec
But when T= 20°C take, detention time = 40sec
L= V_h \ V_s = 0.23 * 40 = 9.2m
Length of grit chamber is increased by 10 to 50% to allow non-uniformity in flow and settling of particles. It is not mandatory.
Overall Depth = 0.83 + 0.3(Free Board) = 0.86m
Therefore dimensions of grit chamber are L x B x H = 9.2 x 1.2 x 0.86 m
Detention Time of Grit chamber is about 30 to 90seconds but for design purposes it is generally taken as 60seconds. It is the average time for which water remains in the Grit chamber before moving on to further treatment.
Grit chambers are long narrow tanks that are designed to slow down the flow so that solids such as sand, soil, inorganic matter will settle down.
Generally the cleaning interval of grit chamber must be one or two weeks. Cleaning period of grit chamber depends on various topics such as type of grit, local conditions, rain intensity.
Velocity in grit chamber should be controlled otherwise too high velocity of the particles will not get sufficient time to settle down and if the velocity of flow becomes too slow then suspended organic matter will also settle down.
Grit is inorganic material present in sewage. Grit includes sand, clay, glass pieces, tea leaves, egg shells, and cinders.
This website uses cookies.