Detailed ASTM Classification of Cement | C150, C595, C1157

ASTM stands for American Society for Testing and Materials and is an international society which sets standards for various materials, products, works.

Cement can be classified on various factors and generally types of cement are Ordinary portland cement, Rapid hardening cement, Extra rapid hardening cement, Low heat cement etc.

Different cement manufacturers produce only certain types of Portland cement. What are the differences between these types of cement? and how are they tested? , what is the composition of them?

According to ASTM cement is classified as

• Portland Cement ASTM C150
• Blended Cement ASTM C595
• By Performance Attributes ASTM C1157

ASTM classification of cement

1 | Portland Cement ASTM C150

ASTM C150 further classified into 8 different types and which are shown in the image below. The classification of ASTM C150 is type I, type IA, type II, type IIA, type III, type IIIA, type IV.

A] Type I

Normal Cement

As per ASTM cement containing a high amount of C3S content is termed as Type I cement. Type I cement is generally used in general concrete construction where the special properties specified for type II, type III, type IV, type V are not required.

Higher C3S content results in faster rate of reaction and development of early strength.

Applications of Type I Cement :

• As specified above Type I cement is a general-purpose cement that is used in the making of pavements, making of floors, making of bridges, tanks, pipes.
• This cement is used where sulfate resistance, low heat of hydration, high heat of hydration, early strength development are not required.

B] Type II

Moderate Sulphate Resistant Cement or High Heat of Hydration Cement

Type II cement used for general constructions that are exposed to moderate sulphate action or where moderate heat of hydration is necessary. To attain the moderate heat of hydration C3A content is kept below 8%.

As type II cement has low heat of hydration, it can be used in hot water. Type II cement gains its maximum strength in 45 days.

Applications of Type II Cement :

• Type II cement used where the structure is exposed to moderate sulphate attack that we see in sewers and drainages due to sewage and groundwater.
• Also, Type II cement can be used in the construction of mass concrete structures like large pile, piers, abutments, retaining wall, and heavy concrete structures.
• It can be used in hot conditions like in desert areas as it has a low heat of hydration.

C] Type III

Rapid Hardening Cement

Type III cement has high C3S content and low C2S content that results in high early strength and has a faster rate of reaction due to C3S content.

Type III cement has high early strength eg. strength in 3 day’s = Strength of OPC in 7 days, that is why the type III cement is used when very fast hardening is required.

Fast hardening is generally required where there is need to remove form work early and when minimum strength before further construction is to be gained.

Because of the high heat of hydration type III cement should not be used for mass concrete constructions. On the other hand in cold conditions like in snowy regions, it is better to use type 3 cement as it has a faster rate of reaction and high early strength also high heat of hydration delays the setting of concrete for some time.

Applications of Type III Cements :

• Type III cement is mostly similar to Type I cement but type III cement is finer than type I cement.
• Type III cement has high early strength.
• Generally, type III cement is used where there is a need to remove formwork early or when there is a need to gain minimum strength before further construction.
• Type III cement is used in the snowy cold conditions.

D] Type IV

Low Heat Cement

Type IV cement is generally used where low heat of hydration is required like in hot conditions. To have low heat of hydration type IV cement consist of low C3S content less than 30%(generally taken between 25 to 50%) and also low C3A content which releases 40% more heat than C3S.

Low heat cement is best for mass concrete construction as it sets very slowly it will get more time before setting to get easily transported to the right spot.

Applications of Type IV Cement :

• Type IV cement is used where the heat generated from hydration must be minimized.
• It develops strength at a slower rate than other cement types.
• Low heat cement is best for mass concrete construction as it sets very slowly it will get more time before setting to get easily transported to the right spot.o

E] Type V

High Sulphate Resistance Cement

Type V cement is used when high sulphate resistance is required. As C3A is weak in sulphate resistance the C3A content is kept less than 5%. Type V cement consists of an intimate and uniform blend of type I portland cement and finely granulated slag. Slag percentage should be 25 to 70% of the weight of Portland blast furnace slag cement.

Applications of Type V Cement

• Type V cement is used only in construction where concrete is going to be exposed to very extreme suphate action.
• Type V cement manages to get high sulphate resistance by keeping C3A content as low as possible about 4%.
• Type V cement is only resistant to suphate and not to acids and other corrosive substances.

F] Type IA IIA and IIIA

Basically, Type IA, IIA, IIIA cement are type I, II, III cements with the presence of air-entraining agents. These types of cement are generally used where the property of air-entrainment in concrete is needed along with the properties of the respective types of cement.

The infographic below shows the whole ASTM classification of cement.

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2 | Blended Cement ASTM C595

ASTM C595 consist blended hydraulic cement for both general and special applications using slags or pozzolana or both with Portland cement or Portland cement clinker or slag with lime.

A] Type IP

This consists of an intimate and uniform blend of Portland Cement (or Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement) and fine pozzolana in which the pozzolana content is between 15 and 40 percent of the weight of the total cement.

B] Type IS

This is also known as Portland blast furnace slag cement.

C] Type IT

This is also known as Ternary blended Cement

D] Type IL

This is also known as Portland-Limestone Cement

Some blended cement has special performance properties verified by additional testing. These are designated by letters in the type of cement in the following manner.

For example Type IP(MS) is a Portland-Pozzolana cement with moderate sulfate resistance properties. Other special properties are designated by (HS) for high sulfate resistance, (A) for air-entraining cement, (MH) for moderate heat of hydration, and (LH) for low heat of hydration. Refer to ASTM C595 for more details.

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3 | By Performance Attributes ASTM C1157

 In ASTM C1157 the detailed classification is done on the basis of performance and generally done in industries. Following table describes performance attributes of ASTM C1157

Type	Description
Type GU	General Use
Type HE	High Early-Strength
Type MS	Moderate Sulfate Resistance
Type HS	High Sulfate Resistance
Type MH	Moderate Heat of Hydration
Type LH	Low Heat of Hydration

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Conclusion

Cement is classified on the basis of a large number of factors like the required performance of concrete, environmental conditions, or conditions of placement. ASTM classifies cement based on their composition of raw materials.

Basically ASTM classifies cement as 1 | Portland Cement ASTM C150, 2 | Blended Cement ASTM C595, 3 | By Performance Attributes ASTM C1157.

Video Explanation on ASTM Classification of Cement

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FAQs on ASTM Classification of Cement

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Classification of Cement- ASTM Classification from Civil Insider

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